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Mahogany Sample Data Page

( Return to The Wood Explorer CD Main Page )

Each report would normally be associated with 1-10 photos of the wood.

Also see  Eastern White Pine  and  Norway Spruce

Mahogany

Scientific Name
Swietenia macrophylla

Trade Name
Honduras mahogany

Family Name
Meliaceae

Synonyms
Swietenia krukovii
Swietenia tessmannii[
Swietenia candollei
Swietenia krukovii
Swietenia tessmannii

Common Names
Acajou
Acajou Amerique
Acajou d'Amerique
Acajou du Honduras
Aguano
American mahogany
Americkaans mahonie
Amerikaans mahonie
Aquano de tabasco
Ara putange
Araputanga
Bastard lime
Bay-mahogany
Baywood
Belize mahogany
Big leafed mahogany
Big-leafed mahogany
Bigleaf mahogany
Brazilian mahogany
Broad leaved mahogany
Broad-leaved mahogany
Cabano
Caguano
Campeche
Cao
Caoba
Caoba Americana
Caoba Hondurea
Caoba Hondurena
Caoba de Atlantico
Caoba de Honduras
Caoba mahogany
Caoba roja
Caobilla
Cedro espinoso
Cedro-rana
Central American mahogany
Chacalte
Chiapas
Chiculte
Chiculti
Cobano
Costa Rica mahogany
Costa Rico mahogany
Crura
Cuban mahogany
Flor de veradillo
Gateado
Giai ngua
Granadillo
Guatemala mahogany
Honduras mahogany
Large leaf mahogany
Large leaved mahogany
Madeira
Mahogany
Mahogany Honduras
Mahoni
Mahonie
Mara
Mogno
Mogno do rio Jurupari
Orura
Palo xopilote
Palo xopliote
Palo zopilote
Palo zopilote
Peruvian mahogany
Punab
Purab
Red cedar
Red wood
Resadillo
Sisam
Tabasco mahogany
Tzopible
Tzopilote
Tzutzul
Venezuela mahogany
Zopilocuahuitl
Zopilote
Zopilozontecomacuahuitl

Plantation species?
Yes

Regions of Distribution
Central America
Latin America
Oceania and S.E. Asia

Countries of Distribution
Bahamas
Belize
Bolivia
Brazil
Colombia
Columbia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
El Salvador
Fiji [Polynesia]
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Indonesia
Jamaica
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
Peru
Philippines
Puerto Rico [US]
Solomon Islands
Venezuela

Common Uses
Bedroom suites
Boat building (general)
Boat building
Boat building: decking
Boat building: planking
Boxes and crates
Building materials
Cabinetmaking
Canoes
Carvings
Chairs
Chests
Coffins
Concealed parts (Furniture)
Cooperages
Decorative veneer
Desks
Dining-room furniture
Dowell pins
Dowells
Drawer sides
Drawing boards
Drum sticks
Figured veneer
Fine furniture
Floor lamps
Flooring
Fuelwood
Furniture
Furniture components
Furniture squares or stock
Furniture
Handles: general
Hatracks
Heavy construction
Interior construction
Interior trim
Joinery (external): ground contact
Joinery
Kitchen cabinets
Lifeboats
Light construction
Living-room suites
Mathematical instruments
Millwork
Model airplanes
Moldings
Musical instruments
Musical instruments
Musical instruments: piano
Office furniture
Organ pipes
Paneling
Paneling
Particleboard
Piano keys
Pianos
Plywood corestock
Plywood
Radio - stereo - TV cabinets
Rustic furniture
Scientific instruments
Sculpture
Shipbuilding
Tables
Turnery
Veneer
Veneer: decorative

Environmental Profile
•••••••••• Endangered
•••••••••• Abundant/Secure
•••••••••• Extinct
•••••••••• Rare
•••••••••• Vulnerable
•••••••••• Questionable

•••••••••• Widespread
•••••••••• Some long-term concern for the species
•••••••••• Secure within many parts of its natural range, but not completely assessed
•••••••••• Rare in parts of its natural range
•••••••••• Extinct, Endangered, Vulnerable, or Rare within parts of its range
•••••••••• Endangered within parts of its natural boundaries
•••••••••• Data source is World Conservation Monitoring Center
•••••••••• Data source is Nature Conservancy
•••••••••• Considered vulnerable in its natural habitat because its numbers are threatened by serious adverse factors throughout its range. However, the species likely exists today in relatively large numbers.
••••••••••
•••••••••• There is some long-term concern about its continued abundance in these areas and the threat to its population in other areas

While it is relatively secure in El Salvador and Honduras, the status of Honduras mahogany in Costa Rica, Mexico, Panama, and Bolivia is known to be either Extinct, Endangered, Vulnerable, or Rare. The species is Vulnerable in Nicaragua, Rare in Colombia and Endangered within its natural boundaries in Guatemala and the following regions in Brazil: Acre, Amazonas, Goias, Maranhao, Mato Grosso, Para, and Rondonia

Distribution Overview
Perhaps the most valuable timber tree in the whole of tropical Latin America, Honduras mahogany has an extensive tropical distribution, from the north of the State of Veracruz to Yucatan in Mexico, and along the north Atlantic slope of Central America to Venezuela and Brazil. It also occurs in Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia at elevations of up to 4900 feet (1500 m), and on Cape Verde Islands. It is usually found in dry forests but it also occurs in moist and gallery forests. S. macrophylla is now widely planted throughout the whole of the tropics as a forest crop and currently provides almost all mahogany on the commercial market.

Heartwood Color
•••••••••+ Brown
•••••••••+ Red
•••••••••+ Yellow
•••••••••• Orange
•••••••••• Pink
•••••••••• White
•••••••••• Purple
•••••••••• Black
•••••••••• Highly variable

•••••••••• Reddish brown
•••••••••• Yellow to golden-yellow to orange
•••••••••• Pale brown
•••••••••• Pale red to pink
•••••••••• Brown
•••••••••• Dark brown
•••••••••• Red
•••••••••• Dark brown
•••••••••• Yellow
•••••••••• White to cream
•••••••••• Salmon pink to light pinkish brown, or reddish brown
•••••••••• Pink
•••••••••• Matures into deep reddish brown
•••••••••• Exposure to sunlight may fade color
•••••••••• Color varies considerably
The wide variability in color has enabled many look-alike species to be marketed as mahogany.

Sapwood Color
•••••••••+ White
•••••••••• Yellow
•••••••••• Brown
•••••••••• Red
•••••••••• Green/Grey
•••••••••• Pink

•••••••••• White to yellow
•••••••••• Well defined
•••••••••• Pinkish
•••••••••• Whitish
•••••••••• Paler than heartwood
•••••••••• Different than heartwood

Grain
•••••••••+ Figure
•••••••••+ Straight
•••••••••+ Interlocked
•••••••••• Stripe (figure)
•••••••••• Growth rings (figure)
•••••••••• Wavy
•••••••••• Distinct (figure)
•••••••••• Closed
•••••••••• Even
•••••••••• Birds-eye (figure)
•••••••••• Mottled (figure)
•••••••••• Rippled (figure)
•••••••••• Variable (figure)
•••••••••• Irregular

•••••••••+ Straight
•••••••••+ Interlocked
•••••••••• Striped figure
•••••••••• Wavy
•••••••••• Clear growth rings (figure)
•••••••••• Distinct figure
•••••••••• Variable figure
•••••••••• Rippled figure
•••••••••• Mottled figure
•••••••••• Straight to roey, wavy, or curly
•••••••••• Storied waves produce wavy horizontal bands across the surface of flat-sawn boards
•••••••••• Irregular
Irregularities in the grain often produce highly attractive figures such as, fiddleback, blister, stripe or roe, and mottle.

Texture
•••••••••+ Medium
•••••••••• Fine
•••••••••• Coarse
•••••••••• Uniform

•••••••••• Medium
•••••••••• Medium to coarse
•••••••••• Fine
•••••••••• Fine to medium
•••••••••• Coarse and uniform

Luster
•••••••••+ High
•••••••••• Medium
•••••••••• Low

•••••••••• Pronounced
•••••••••• Lustrous
•••••••••• Slightly lustrous
•••••••••• High
•••••••••• Golden luster

Natural Growth Defects
•••••••••• Yellowish deposits in vessels
•••••••••• Whitish deposits in vessels
•••••••••• Whitish deposits in vessels
•••••••••• Brittleheart is rare or absent. When present, it is sparse in amount

Natural Durability
•••••••••+ Susceptible to insect attack
•••••••••+ Durable
•••••••••+ Non-resistant to marine borers
•••••••••+ Non-resistant to termites
•••••••••• Non-resistant to powder post beetles
•••••••••• Very durable
•••••••••• Moderately durable
•••••••••• Perishable
•••••••••• Non-durable
•••••••••• Resistant to marine borers

•••••••••+ Susceptible to marine borer attack
•••••••••+ Durable
•••••••••+ Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera)
•••••••••• Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles
•••••••••• Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) often present in the standing tree
•••••••••• Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) are commonly present
•••••••••• Very durable
•••••••••• Moderately durable
•••••••••• Susceptible to pinhole borers
•••••••••• Suitable for marine applications
•••••••••• Non durable
•••••••••• Heartwood susceptible to marine borer attack
•••••••••• Heartwood resistant to attack by white rot and brown rot fungi
•••••••••• Heartwood moderately resistant to dry-wood termites
•••••••••• Heartwood has high resistance to decay
•••••••••• Good weathering properties
Mahogany has very good weathering qualities which makes a very good choice for boat building.

Weathering
•••••••••• Excellent

Odor
•••••••••• Has an odor

•••••••••• No specific smell or taste

Light-Induced Color Change
•••••••••• Darker

Toxicity
•••••••••• Some toxic effects

•••••••••• Unspecified toxicity
•••••••••• Dermatitic effects

Kiln Schedules
•••••••••+ Drying (speed) is fast
•••••••••• UK=F US=T6D4/T3D3 Fr=6
•••••••••• UK=E US=T6D2/T3D1 Fr=5
•••••••••• Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is fairly rapid
•••••••••• Dry at a moderate speed
•••••••••• T6 - D4 (4/4) US
•••••••••• T3 - D3 (8/4) US
•••••••••• Schedule F (4/4) United Kingdom
•••••••••• Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is rapid

Drying Defects
•••••••••+ Distortion
•••••••••• Checking
•••••••••• Splitting

•••••••••• Slight surface checking
•••••••••• Slight twist/warp
•••••••••• Moderate twist/warp
•••••••••• No surface checking
•••••••••• No end splitting
•••••••••• Moderate surface checking
•••••••••• Slight spring/bow
•••••••••• Slight end splitting
•••••••••• Slight cupping
•••••••••• No twisting or warping
•••••••••• No resin/gum exudation
•••••••••• No cupping, generally
•••••••••• No collapse/honeycomb
•••••••••• Moderate end spitting
•••••••••• Generally free from spring and bow
•••••••••• Distortion (twist/warp) is likely

Ease of Drying
•••••••••+ Fairly Easy
•••••••••• Rapidly
•••••••••• Slowly
•••••••••• Reconditioning Treatement

•••••••••+ Easy
•••••••••• Dries easily with very little degrade

Kiln Drying Rate
•••••••••+ Naturally dries quickly
•••••••••• Drying rate is fairly rapid to fast
•••••••••• Naturally dries at a moderate speed
•••••••••• Rapid

•••••••••• Fairly rapid (11-17 days for boards under 32 mm, to 31-51 days for boards greater than 63 mm)
•••••••••• Rapid (<10 days for boards < 32 mm, to <30 days for boards >= 63 mm)

Tree Identification
•••••••••+ Bole/stem form is buttressed
•••••••••• Bole/stem form is straight
•••••••••• Bole/stem form is cylindrical

Tree Size
•••••••••+ Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm
•••••••••+ Bole length is 10-20 m
•••••••••+ Tree height is 30-40 m
•••••••••• Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm
•••••••••• Trunk diameter is 200-250 cm
•••••••••• Tree height is 40-50 m
•••••••••• Tree height is 20-30 m
•••••••••• Sapwood width is 0-5 cm
•••••••••• Sapwood width is 5-10 cm
•••••••••• Tree height is 50-60 m
•••••••••• Bole length is 20-30 m
•••••••••• Tree height is 60-70 m
•••••••••• Bole length is 30-40 m
•••••••••• Tree height is 10-20 m

Product Sources
The ITTO reports that the species is an important source of timber for export. It is exported in the form of square-edged timber, veneers, and plywood.

Honduras mahogany is readily available at moderate prices at present, but its continued availability is of some concern because of high demand. Current supplies of the standing trees are also becoming more inaccessible and scarce due to exploitation.

Certified Source
•••••••••• Certified Source

Comments
General finishing qualities are rated as good

Tension wood may be present

Blunting Effect
•••••••••+ Little
•••••••••• Moderate

•••••••••• Blunting effect on machining is slight
•••••••••• Slight
•••••••••• Blunting effect on sawing dry wood is mild
•••••••••• Blunting effect on machining is moderate

Boring
•••••••••• Fairly easy to very easy
•••••••••• Fair to good results

•••••••••• Easy
•••••••••• Good results

Carving
•••••••••• Fair to Good Results
•••••••••• Fairly Easy to Very Easy

•••••••••• Generally good results

Cutting Resistance
•••••••••• Easy to saw

•••••••••• Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy
•••••••••• Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy
•••••••••• Easy to saw

Gluing
•••••••••+ Fairly Easy to Very Easy

•••••••••+ Easy to glue

Mortising
•••••••••• Fairly Easy to Very Easy
•••••••••• Fair to Good Results
•••••••••• Poor to Very Poor Results

•••••••••• Easy to mortise
•••••••••• Material tends to chip and tear
•••••••••• Finishes poorly

Moulding
•••••••••• Fairly Easy to Very Easy
•••••••••• Fair to Good Results
•••••••••• Very Good to Excellent Results

•••••••••• Easy to mould
•••••••••• Good finishing results

Movement in Service
•••••••••+ Excellent Stability - Small Movement

•••••••••+ Small
•••••••••• Stable
Mahogany is considered to be one of the most stable commercially important timbers, and holds its place very well in use.

Nailing
•••••••••• Fair to Good Results
•••••••••• Fairly Easy to Very Easy
•••••••••• Pre-Boring Recommended
•••••••••• Very Good to Excellent Results

•••••••••• Holds nails well
•••••••••• Possible if prebored
•••••••••• Good nailing properties
•••••••••• Easy to nail

Planing
•••••••••• Fairly Easy to Very Easy
•••••••••• Fair to Good Results
•••••••••• Very Good to Excellent Results

•••••••••• Easy to plane
•••••••••• Planes well, to a good finish
•••••••••• Planes to a satisfactory finish
•••••••••• Figured material may cause grain to chip and tear

Resistance to Impregnation
•••••••••+ Resistant heartwood
•••••••••• Resistant sapwood
•••••••••• Permeable sapwood
•••••••••• Permeable heartwood

•••••••••+ Heartwood is highly resistant
•••••••••• Heartwood is resistant
•••••••••• Sapwood is resistant
•••••••••• Sapwood is permeable
•••••••••• Heartwood is permeable

Resistance to Splitting
•••••••••• Good

Response to Hand Tools
•••••••••+ Easy to Work
•••••••••• Responds Readily

•••••••••+ Easy to machine
•••••••••• Good response

Routing & Recessing
•••••••••• Fairly Easy to Very Easy
•••••••••• Very Good to Excellent Results
•••••••••• Fair to Good Results

•••••••••• Routing is easy
•••••••••• Routing yields good results

Sanding
•••••••••• Fairly Easy to Very Easy
•••••••••• Fair to Good Results
•••••••••• Very Good to Excellent Results

•••••••••• Easy to sand
•••••••••• Satisfactory sanding results
•••••••••• Good sanding finish

Screwing
•••••••••+ Fair to Good Results
•••••••••• Fairly Easy to Very Easy
•••••••••• Very Good to Excellent Results

•••••••••• Satisfactory results
•••••••••• Easy to screw
•••••••••• Screwing yields good results
•••••••••• Good screwing properties

Turning
•••••••••• Fairly Easy to Very Easy
•••••••••• Fair to Good Results
•••••••••• Very Good to Excellent Results

•••••••••• Easy to turn
•••••••••• Good results
•••••••••• Finish is generally satisfactory

Veneering Qualities
•••••••••• Suitable for peeling
•••••••••• Suitable for slicing
•••••••••• Veneers easily
•••••••••• Veneers moderately easy

•••••••••• Easy to cut
•••••••••• There is slight to moderate drying degrade and the potential for buckles and splits
•••••••••• Suitable for slicing
•••••••••• Suitable for peeling
•••••••••• No steaming needed during bolt preparation.
•••••••••• Good gluing qualities

Steam Bending
•••••••••• Fair to Good Results
•••••••••• Fairly Easy to Very Easy

•••••••••• Moderate
•••••••••• Fairly good response to preservative treatment

Polishing
•••••••••+ Fair to Good Results
•••••••••• Very Good to Excellent Results

•••••••••+ Good results

Staining
•••••••••• Fair to Good Results
•••••••••• Very Good to Excellent Results
•••••••••• Fairly Easy to Very Easy

•••••••••• Finish is generally satisfactory
•••••••••• Finish is generally good
•••••••••• Stains well

Varnishing
•••••••••• Fair to Good Results
•••••••••• Fairly Easy to Very Easy

•••••••••• Satisfactory
•••••••••• Good results

Strength Properties
•••••••••+ Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft.
•••••••••+ Max. crushing strength = medium
•••••••••+ Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low
•••••••••+ Bending strength (MOR) = low
•••••••••+ Shrinkage, Tangential = very small
•••••••••+ Hardness (side grain) = medium
•••••••••+ Shrinkage, Radial = small
•••••••••+ Shrinkage, Radial = very small
•••••••••• Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft.
•••••••••• Shrinkage, Tangential = small
•••••••••• Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low
•••••••••• Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low
•••••••••• Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium
•••••••••• Max. crushing strength = low
•••••••••• Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft.
•••••••••• Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low
•••••••••• Toughness (total work) = very low
•••••••••• Work to Maximum Load = very low
•••••••••• Density (dry weight) = 15-22 lbs/cu. ft.
•••••••••• Strength properties vary because of wide differences in density
•••••••••• Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate
•••••••••• Shrinkage, Radial = moderate
•••••••••• Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very high
•••••••••• Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high
•••••••••• Hardness (side grain) = very soft
•••••••••• Density = high
•••••••••• Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft.
•••••••••• Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft.
•••••••••• Compression strength (parallel to grain) = medium
•••••••••• Bending strength (MOR) = high
•••••••••• Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very high
•••••••••• Hardness (side grain) = soft
Bending strength (MOR) = medium

Numerical Data
                       Item     Green      Dry English    
           Bending Strength      7885    11575 psi        
          Crushing Strength       905     1548 psi        
                    Density        35          lbs/ft3    
                   Hardness      1006          lbs        
            Impact Strength        29       21 inches     
  Maximum Crushing Strength      3979     6284 psi        
          Shearing Strength      1532          psi        
             Static Bending      4901     6788 psi        
                  Stiffness      1185     1353 1000 psi   
                  Toughness       103          inch-lbs   
       Work to Maximum Load         6        7 inch-lbs/in3
           Specific Gravity      0.53     0.57            
                     Weight        33       32 lbs/ft3    
           Radial Shrinkage         2          %          
       Tangential Shrinkage         4          %          
       Volumetric Shrinkage         8          %          

                       Item     Green      Dry Metric
           Bending Strength       554      813 kg/cm2
          Crushing Strength        63      108 kg/cm2
                    Density       560          kg/cm3
                   Hardness       456          kg  
            Impact Strength        73       53 cm  
  Maximum Crushing Strength       279      441 kg/cm2
          Shearing Strength       107          kg/cm2
             Static Bending       344      477 kg/cm2
                  Stiffness        83       95 1000 kg/cm2
                  Toughness       118          cm-kg
       Work to Maximum Load      0.42     0.49 cm-kg/cm3
           Specific Gravity      0.53     0.57     
                     Weight       528      512 kg/cm3
           Radial Shrinkage         2          %   
       Tangential Shrinkage         4          %   
       Volumetric Shrinkage         8          %    

References
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