|
Industry
Links
Site
Map
FAQ
Return
Policy
Your
Privacy
Closeout
Items
New
Products
Sale
Items
| |
Eastern White Pine Sample Data Page
( Return to The Wood
Explorer CD Main Page )
Each report would normally be
associated with 1-10 photos of the wood.
Also see Mahogany
and Norway Spruce
Eastern
White Pine
Scientific Name
Pinus strobus
Trade Name
Eastern white pine
Family Name
Pinaceae
Common Names
American yellow pine
Austrian white pine
Canadain white pine
Canadian yellow pine
Cork pine
Eastern white pine
Northern white pine
Ottawa pine
Ottawa white pine
Pattern pine
Pumpkin pine
Pumpkin pine
Quebec pine
Quebec yellow pine
Sapling pine
Soft pine
Weymouth pine
Yellow pine
Regions of Distribution
Central America
North America
Countries of Distribution
Canada
Mexico
United States
Common Uses
Agricultural implements
Balusters
Beams
Bedroom suites
Boat building (general)
Boat building
Boat building: decking
Boat building: masts
Boxes and crates
Building construction
Building materials
Cabin construction
Cabinetmaking
Canoes
Carvings
Caskets
Casks
Chairs
Chests
Coffins
Concealed parts (Furniture)
Concrete formwork
Construction
Decks
Decorative veneer
Desks
Dining-room furniture
Dowell pins
Dowells
Drawer sides
Drawing boards
Drum sticks
Excelsior
Exterior trim & siding
Exterior uses
Flooring
Food containers
Furniture
Furniture
General carpentry
Interior trim
Joinery
Ladders
Light construction
Matches
Millwork
Moldings
Musical instruments
Musical instruments
Musical instruments: piano
Novelties
Paneling
Paneling
Sculpture
Shade rollers
Shipbuilding
Sporting Goods
Toys
Woodenware
Environmental Profile
••••••••••
Widespread, abundant and globally secure
••••••••••
May be rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery
••••••••••
Data source is Nature Conservancy
Distribution Overview
Eastern white pine (also called Weymouth pine in England where it is widely
planted) occurs extensively in North America. Its growth range extends from
Newfoundland and Quebec west to central Ontario and southeastern Manitoba, south
to Minnesota, northeasrn Iowa, northern Illinois, northwestern Indiana, Ohio,
Pennsylvania, and New Jersey, and south in the mountains to western North
Carolina, northern Georgia, and Tennessee. It is also reported to occur locally
in western Kentuck and western Tennessee. The tree prefers well-drained sandy
soils, and is sometimes found in pure stands from near sea level to an altitude
of about 2000 feet (615 m), and up to 5000 feet (1525 m) in the southern
Appalachians.
Heartwood Color
•••••••••+
Brown
•••••••••+
Red
••••••••••
White
••••••••••
Yellow
••••••••••
Orange
••••••••••
Pink
••••••••••
Purple
••••••••••
Reddish brown
••••••••••
Pale brown
••••••••••
White to cream
••••••••••
Yellow to golden-yellow to orange
••••••••••
Pale red to pink
••••••••••
Red
••••••••••
Resin ducts at times appear as thin brown lines
••••••••••
Darkens upon exposure
••••••••••
Cream colored to light brown or reddish brown, or pale yellow to pale brown
••••••••••
Brown
Differences between Eastern white and Western white pine are so slight that the
two species cannot be distinguished without laboratory tests
Sapwood Color
•••••••••+
White
•••••••••+
Yellow
••••••••••
Brown
••••••••••
Red
•••••••••+
White to yellow
••••••••••
Paler than heartwood
••••••••••
Same as heartwood
••••••••••
Nearly white to pale yelllowish white
••••••••••
Narrow to medium in width
Grain
•••••••••+
Straight
••••••••••
Figure
••••••••••
Growth rings (figure)
••••••••••
Even
••••••••••
Mottled (figure)
••••••••••
Weak (figure)
•••••••••+
Straight
••••••••••
Clear growth rings (figure)
••••••••••
Weak figure
••••••••••
Straight and even
••••••••••
Mottled figure
Texture
•••••••••+
Fine
••••••••••
Medium
••••••••••
Even or uniform
••••••••••
Uniform
••••••••••
Coarse
••••••••••
Fine
••••••••••
Medium
••••••••••
Medium coarse to coarse
••••••••••
Fine to medium
••••••••••
Even textured
Natural Growth Defects
••••••••••
Latex or other ducts
Natural Durability
••••••••••
Non-durable
••••••••••
Durable
••••••••••
Moderately durable
••••••••••
Perishable
••••••••••
Susceptible to insect attack
••••••••••
Non-resistant to termites
••••••••••
Resistant to powder post beetles
••••••••••
Non durable
••••••••••
Resistant to attack from pinworms (ambrosia beetles)
••••••••••
Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera)
••••••••••
Should be chemically treated before using in high decay hazard conditions
••••••••••
Sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack
••••••••••
Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles
••••••••••
Moderately resistant
••••••••••
Moderately durable
••••••••••
Moderate resistance to attack by decay organisms
Prolonged exposure to exterior atmospheric conditions is reported to weather the
wood to a light gray color, with a moderate sheen.
Weathering
••••••••••
Good
Odor
••••••••••
Has an odor
••••••••••
Very fine
••••••••••
Distinct (figure)
••••••••••
Non-Descriptive resinous odor
••••••••••
No specific taste
••••••••••
Figure occurrence is very fine and distinct
Scent and resin canals are two features that can be used, with a reasonable
degree of certainty, to differentiate between Eastern white pine and Sugar pine:
the latter pine is reported to often have a sweeter scent and much larger resin
canals
Light-Induced Color Change
••••••••••
Darker
Kiln Schedules
••••••••••
Drying (speed) is fast
••••••••••
Dry at a moderate speed
••••••••••
UK=L US=T146C6S/T12C5S
••••••••••
Standard T11-C5(4/4);T10-C4(8/4) Schedule L (4/4) United Kingdom
••••••••••
Different drying schedule recommended to prevent brown stains
Drying Defects
••••••••••
Resin Exudation
••••••••••
Ring Shakes
••••••••••
Discoloration
••••••••••
Distortion
••••••••••
Slight twist/warp
••••••••••
Sap stain is common
••••••••••
Prpoer stacking to allow adequate air-flow thru pile is essential during
air-seasoning
••••••••••
No twisting or warping
••••••••••
Expect resin/gum exudation
••••••••••
Brown stains and ring failure during drying
Ease of Drying
•••••••••+
Fairly Easy
••••••••••
Rapidly
••••••••••
Gum Exudation
••••••••••
Slowly
••••••••••
Reconditioning Treatement
•••••••••+
Easy
••••••••••
Air dries slowly with low shrinkage
••••••••••
Air dries easily and uniformly
Kiln Drying Rate
••••••••••
Naturally dries quickly
••••••••••
Naturally dries at a moderate speed
Tree Identification
••••••••••
Bole/stem form is unknown
Tree Size
••••••••••
Tree height is 30-40 m
••••••••••
Tree height is 40-50 m
••••••••••
Tree height is 20-30 m
••••••••••
Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm
••••••••••
Tree height is 60-70 m
••••••••••
Tree height is 50-60 m
••••••••••
Tree height is greater than 70 m
••••••••••
Bark width is 30-40 mm
••••••••••
Bark width is 40-50 mm
••••••••••
Bark width is 25-30 mm
••••••••••
Tree height is 10-20 m
Certified Source
••••••••••
Certified Source
Comments
Abnormal wood tissue in the form of compression wood may be present
General finishing qualities are rated as good
Yields ingredient used in cough syrups for treatments of bronchial ailments
Blunting Effect
••••••••••
Little
••••••••••
Blunting effect on machining is slight
••••••••••
Slight dulling effect on cutting tools
Boring
••••••••••
Fairly easy to very easy
••••••••••
Fair to good results
••••••••••
Easy
••••••••••
Responds well to boring
••••••••••
Clean bored surfaces
Carving
••••••••••
Fair to Good Results
••••••••••
Fairly Easy to Very Easy
••••••••••
Responds well to carving operations
Cutting Resistance
••••••••••
Easy to saw
••••••••••
Easy to cut in any direction
Gluing
••••••••••
Fairly Easy to Very Easy
••••••••••
Fair to Good Results
••••••••••
Easy to glue
••••••••••
Good gluing properties
Mortising
••••••••••
Fairly Easy to Very Easy
••••••••••
Fair to Good Results
••••••••••
Very Good to Excellent Results
••••••••••
Finishes well
••••••••••
Easy to mortise
••••••••••
Generally mortises well
Moulding
••••••••••
Fairly Easy to Very Easy
••••••••••
Fair to Good Results
••••••••••
Very Good to Excellent Results
••••••••••
Good finishing results
••••••••••
Easy to mould
••••••••••
Good moulding properties
Movement in Service
•••••••••+
Excellent Stability - Small Movement
••••••••••
Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement
••••••••••
Stable
••••••••••
Small
••••••••••
Retains shape very well after manufacture
••••••••••
Dimensionally stable
Nailing
••••••••••
Fairly Easy to Very Easy
••••••••••
Fair to Good Results
••••••••••
Very Good to Excellent Results
••••••••••
Holds nails well
••••••••••
Easy to nail
••••••••••
Satisfactory resistance to decay above ground
••••••••••
Good nailing characteristics
••••••••••
Good nail holding properties
Planing
••••••••••
Fairly Easy to Very Easy
••••••••••
Fair to Good Results
••••••••••
Very Good to Excellent Results
••••••••••
Planes well, to a good finish
••••••••••
Easy to plane
••••••••••
Soft, very uniform in texture and is very easy to work
••••••••••
Planes easily and worked surfaces are clean and smooth
Resistance to Impregnation
••••••••••
Permeable sapwood
••••••••••
Resistant heartwood
••••••••••
Permeable heartwood
••••••••••
Resistant sapwood
••••••••••
Heartwood is moderately resistant
••••••••••
Sapwood is permeable
••••••••••
Permeable
••••••••••
Fairly good response to preservative treatment
Resistance to Splitting
••••••••••
Satisfactory
••••••••••
Good
••••••••••
Excellent
Response to Hand Tools
•••••••••+
Easy to Work
••••••••••
Responds Readily
•••••••••+
Easy to machine
••••••••••
Yields clean surfaces
••••••••••
Responds well to hand tools
Routing & Recessing
••••••••••
Fairly Easy to Very Easy
••••••••••
Fair to Good Results
••••••••••
Very Good to Excellent Results
••••••••••
Routing yields good results
••••••••••
Routing is easy
••••••••••
Generally good routing qualities
Sanding
••••••••••
Fairly Easy to Very Easy
••••••••••
Fair to Good Results
••••••••••
Very Good to Excellent Results
••••••••••
Good sanding properties
••••••••••
Good sanding finish
••••••••••
Easy to sand
Screwing
••••••••••
Fairly Easy to Very Easy
••••••••••
Fair to Good Results
••••••••••
Very Good to Excellent Results
••••••••••
Screwing yields good results
••••••••••
Easy to screw
••••••••••
Accept all types of fasteners, and will take fine gauge screws without pilot
holes
Turning
••••••••••
Fairly Easy to Very Easy
••••••••••
Fair to Good Results
••••••••••
Very Good to Excellent Results
••••••••••
Good results
••••••••••
Easy to turn
••••••••••
Too weak for durable spindles
••••••••••
Does not turn as well as some harder woods
Like Sugar pine but to a lesser degree, Eastern white pine is reported to leave
a very pleasing resinous aroma in the workshop.
Veneering Qualities
••••••••••
Veneers moderately easy
••••••••••
Difficult to veneer
••••••••••
Veneers easily
••••••••••
Suitable for peeling
••••••••••
There is slight to moderate drying degrade and the potential for buckles and
splits
••••••••••
Moderately easy to veneer
Steam Bending
••••••••••
Poor to Very Poor Results
••••••••••
Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult
••••••••••
Very poor steam bending characteristics
Painting
••••••••••
Fair to Good Results
••••••••••
Very Good to Excellent Results
••••••••••
Fairly Easy to Very Easy
••••••••••
Good results
••••••••••
Good painting characteristics
Polishing
••••••••••
Fair to Good Results
••••••••••
Very Good to Excellent Results
••••••••••
Fairly Easy to Very Easy
••••••••••
Good results
••••••••••
Polishes and finishes very well
Staining
••••••••••
Fair to Good Results
••••••••••
Very Good to Excellent Results
••••••••••
Finish is generally good
••••••••••
Stains easily
••••••••••
Retains soft and mellow figure even under dark stains
Varnishing
••••••••••
Fairly Easy to Very Easy
••••••••••
Fair to Good Results
••••••••••
Very Good to Excellent Results
••••••••••
Good results
••••••••••
Good varnishing properties
••••••••••
Fewer coats of varnish are needed since uneven swelling of grain is less common
Strength Properties
•••••••••+
Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft.
••••••••••
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low
••••••••••
Max. crushing strength = low
••••••••••
Hardness (side grain) = very soft
••••••••••
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low
••••••••••
Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very low
••••••••••
Max. crushing strength (stiffness) = very low
••••••••••
Shrinkage, Radial = very small
••••••••••
Toughness (total work) = very low
••••••••••
Shrinkage, Tangential = small
••••••••••
Density (dry weight) = 15-22 lbs/cu. ft.
••••••••••
Bending strength (MOR) = very low
••••••••••
Work to Maximum Load
••••••••••
Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low
••••••••••
Soft
••••••••••
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low
••••••••••
Moderate weight
••••••••••
Medium bending strength in the air-dry condition (about 12% moisture content)
••••••••••
May dent easily
••••••••••
Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft.
••••••••••
Crushing strength = medium
••••••••••
Bending strength (MOR) = medium
••••••••••
Bending strength (MOR) = low
••••••••••
Average density
Numerical Data
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 5264 8980 psi
Crushing Strength 225 500 psi
Density 25 lbs/ft3
Hardness 352 lbs
Impact Strength 18 17 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 2357 4588 psi
Shearing Strength 900 psi
Static Bending 2940 6566 psi
Stiffness 1025 1228 1000 psi
Toughness 95 inch-lbs
Work to Maximum Load 5 8 inch-lbs/in3
Specific Gravity 0.32 0.33
Weight 29 25 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 2 %
Tangential Shrinkage 6 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 8 %
Item Green Dry Metric
Bending Strength 370 631 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 15 35 kg/cm2
Density 400 kg/cm3
Hardness 159 kg
Impact Strength 45 43 cm
Maximum Crushing Strength 165 322 kg/cm2
Shearing Strength 63 kg/cm2
Static Bending 206 461 kg/cm2
Stiffness 72 86 1000 kg/cm2
Toughness 109 cm-kg
Work to Maximum Load 0.35 0.56 cm-kg/cm3
Specific Gravity 0.32 0.33
Weight 464 400 kg/cm3
Radial Shrinkage 2 %
Tangential Shrinkage 6 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 8 %
References
Arno, J. 1991. Pinus strobus - Eastern white pine. In A Guide to Useful Woods of
the World. Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine.
1994. Page 274-275.
Betts, H.S.,1954,American Woods - Eastern White Pine,USDA, Forest Service
American Woods
Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois and E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules
for Commercial Woods: Temperate and Tropical. United States Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical
Report FPL-GTR-57, Madison, Wisconsin.
Brown, H.P. and Panshin, A.J.,1940,Commercial Timbers of the United States Their
structure, identification,,properties and uses,McGraw-Hill, London
Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World: - No.7 North America,TRADA
Canadian Forestry Service. 1981. Canadian Woods - Their Properties and Uses.
Third Edition. E.J. Mullins and T.S. McKnight, Editors. Published by University
of Toronto Press, Toronto, Canada.
Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.
Clifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard
Hill (Books) LTD. London
Dallimore, W. and Jackson, A. Bruce,1966,A Handbook of Coniferae and Ginkgoaceae
Fourth Ed. Revised by S.G.,Harrison,Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd. London
Forest Products Research Laboratory U.K.,1957,A Handbook of Softwoods,Department
of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products Research,HMSO
Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1945,A Handbook of Empire
Timbers,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products
Research
Grewal, G.S.,1979,Air seasoning properties of some Malaysian timbers,Malaysia
Forestry Department, Forest Service, Trade Leaflet No.41
Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd.
London 3rd ed.
I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on
behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer Cutting
Jackson, A. and D. Day. 1991. Good Wood Handbook - The Woodworker's Guide to
Identifying, Selecting and Using the Right Wood. Betterway Publications,
Cincinnati, Ohio.
Kaiser, J. Wood of the Month: Eastern white pine - A Noble Species. Wood &
Wood Products, January, 1992. Page 46.
Kloot, N.H., Bolza, E.,1961,Properties of Timbers Imported into
Australia,C.S.I.R.O. Forest Products Division Technological Paper,No.12
Lavers, G. M. 1966. The Strength Properties of Timbers. Forest Products Research
Bulletin, No. 50. Ministry of Technology, Her Majesty's Stationery Office,
London.
Lavers, G.M.,1983,The Strength Properties of Timber (3rd ed. revised Moore
G.L.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building
Research,Establishment Report (formerly Bulletin No.50)
Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno,
California.
Lindquist, J.L.,1974,American Woods - Redwood,USDA, Forest Service American
woods FS262
Little, E.L. 1980. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees -
Eastern Region. Published by Arthur A. Knopf, New York.
Markwardt, L.J., Wilson, T.R.C.,1935,Strength and related properties of woods
grown in the United States,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture Technical
Bulletin,No.479
Mirov, N.T. 1967. The Genus PINUS. The Ronald Press Company, New York. LCC Card
No. 67-14783.
Mullins, E.J. and McKnight, T.S.,1981,Canadian Woods Their Properties and
Uses,University of Toronto Press 3rd Edition
Panshin, A.J. and C. deZeeuw. 1980. Textbook of Wood Technology, 4th Edition.
McGraw-Hill Series in Forest Resources. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.
Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical
Press
Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University Press
Redding, L.W.,1971,Resistance of Timbers to Impregnation with Creosote,Forest
Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building
Research,Establishment Bulletin No.54 pp.43
Rendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. London
Stone, H.,1924,The Timbers of Commerce and their Identification,William Rider
& Sons Ltd. London
T.R.A.D.A.,1942,Home-grown timber trees - their characteristics, cultivation and
Uses,TRADA
Thomas, A.V.,1964,Timbers Used in the Boat Building Industry A Survey,Department
of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products Research,Laboratory
Timber Development Association Ltd.,1955,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Timber
Development Association Ltd.
Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London,
3rd edition
U.S.D.A. Forest Service,1974,Wood Handbook,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture,
Forest Service Handbook,72
USDA. 1987. Wood Handbook - Wood as an Engineering Material, Forest Service,
Agriculture Handbook No. 72, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.
USDA. 1988. Dry Kiln Operators Manual, Preliminary Copy. Forest Service, Forest
Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.
Wolcott, G.N.,1950,An Index to the Termite Resistance of Woods,Agricultural
Experimental Station, University of Puerto Rico Bulletin,No.85
Return to The Wood
Explorer CD Main Page
Also see Mahogany
and Norway Spruce
|
